The first ISS component was launched in 1998, and the first long-term residents arrived on 2 November 2000 after being launched from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on 31 October 2000. However, continued cooperation has been rendered uncertain by the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine and subsequent international sanctions on Russia, who theoretically, may lower, redirect, or cut funding their side of the space station due to the sanctions set on them. ![]() Roscosmos had endorsed the continued operation of ROS through 2024, having previously proposed using elements of the segment to construct a new Russian space station called OPSEK. The US segment includes ten modules, whose support services are distributed 76.6% for NASA, 12.8% for JAXA, 8.3% for ESA and 2.3% for CSA. The Russian segment includes six modules. The station is divided into two sections: the Russian Orbital Segment (ROS) is operated by Russia, while the United States Orbital Segment (USOS) is run by the United States as well as by the other states. The ISS circles the Earth in roughly 93 minutes, completing 15.5 orbits per day. It maintains an orbit with an average altitude of 400 kilometres (250 mi) by means of reboost manoeuvres using the engines of the Zvezda Service Module or visiting spacecraft. It is the largest artificial object in space and the largest satellite in low Earth orbit, regularly visible to the naked eye from Earth's surface. The ISS is the ninth space station to be inhabited by crews, following the Soviet and later Russian Salyut, Almaz, and Mir stations and the American Skylab. The ISS programme evolved from the Space Station Freedom, a 1984 American proposal to construct a permanently manned Earth-orbiting station, and the contemporaneous Soviet/Russian Mir-2 proposal from 1976 with similar aims. The ISS is suited for testing the spacecraft systems and equipment required for possible future long-duration missions to the Moon and Mars. The station serves as a microgravity and space environment research laboratory in which scientific research is conducted in astrobiology, astronomy, meteorology, physics, and other fields. The ownership and use of the space station is established by intergovernmental treaties and agreements. It is a multinational collaborative project involving five participating space agencies: NASA (United States), Roscosmos (Russia), JAXA (Japan), ESA (Europe), and CSA (Canada). The International Space Station ( ISS) is a modular space station (habitable artificial satellite) in low Earth orbit. This creates the Orionid meteor shower, which peaks around October 20.Station elements as of November 2021 ![]() The Earth passes through Halley’s path around the Sun a second time in October. The Eta Aquarids is one of two meteor showers created by debris from Comet Halley. Named after constellation Lyra, the Lyrids are one of the oldest recorded meteor showers, according to some historical Chinese texts, the shower was seen over 2,500 years ago. Unlike other meteor showers that tend to stay at their peak for about two days, the peak period of the Quadrantids only lasts a few hours. ![]() The Quadrantids are usually active between the end of December and the second week of January. At its peak, observers may be able to view as many as 10 meteors in an hour. The shower usually peaks around December 23. The Ursids meteor shower is active annually between December 17 and December 24. Geminids are considered to be one of the most spectacular meteor showers of the year, with the possibility of sighting around 120 meteors per hour at its peak. The shower is called Leonids because its radiant, or the point in the sky where the meteors seem to emerge from, lies in the constellation Leo. ![]() At its peak, up to 20 meteors are visible every hour. Orionids are active every year in October, usually peaking around October 20/21. The Draconid meteor shower, also sometimes known as the Giacobinids, is one of the two meteor showers to annually grace the skies in the month of October. They occur every year between July 17 and August 24 and tend to peak around August 9-13. The Perseids are one of the brighter meteor showers of the year.
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